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xx Future Nurses on nursing day Video
May 12, 2019, 03:43:13 PM by Isaac Adeniran
<a href="https://youtube.com/v/mlypGUdWnyo" target="_blank" class="new_win">https://youtube.com/v/mlypGUdWnyo</a>
clip Absence seizure
May 12, 2019, 07:07:45 AM by Andrew Freelance
Absence seizure

Absence seizures involve brief, sudden lapses of consciousness. They're more common in children than in adults.Someone having an absence seizure may look like he or she is staring blankly into space for a few seconds. Then, there is a quick return to a normal level of alertness. This type of seizure usually doesn't lead to physical injury.Absence seizures usually can be controlled with anti-seizure medications. Some children who have them also develop other seizures. Many children outgrow absence seizures in their teens. 


   Symptoms:An indication of simple absence seizure is a vacant stare, which may be mistaken for a lapse in attention that lasts about 10 seconds, though it may last as long as 20 seconds, without any confusion, headache or drowsiness afterward. Signs and symptoms of absence seizures include:
  • Sudden stop in motion without falling
  • Lip smacking
  • Eyelid flutters
  • Chewing motions
  • Finger rubbing
  • Small movements of both hands
Afterward, there's no memory of the incident. Some people have many episodes daily, which interfere with school or daily activities.A child may have absence seizures for some time before an adult notices the seizures, because they're so brief. A decline in a child's learning ability may be the first sign of this disorder. Teachers may comment about a child's inability to pay attention or that a child is often daydreaming.
When to see a doctor:Contact your doctor:
  • The first time you notice a seizure
  • If this is a new type of seizure
  • If the seizures continue to occur despite taking anti-seizure medication


 
  • If you observe prolonged automatic behaviors lasting minutes to hours — activities such as eating or moving without awareness — or prolonged confusion, possible symptoms of a condition called absence status epilepticus
  • After any seizure lasting more than five minutes
Request an Appointment to see doctor near you


Causes:Many children appear to have a genetic predisposition to absence seizures.In general, seizures are caused by abnormal electrical impulses from nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. The brain's nerve cells normally send electrical and chemical signals across the synapses that connect them.In people who have seizures, the brain's usual electrical activity is altered. During an absence seizure, these electrical signals repeat themselves over and over in a three-second pattern.People who have seizures may also have altered levels of the chemical messengers that help the nerve cells communicate with one another (neurotransmitters).
Risk factors: Certain factors are common to children who have absence seizures, including:
  • Age. Absence seizures are more common in children between the ages of 4 and 14.
  • Sex. Absence seizures are more common in girls.
  • Family members who have seizures. Nearly half of children with absence seizures have a close relative who has seizures.
Complications:
While most children outgrow absence seizures, some:
  • Must take anti-seizure medications throughout life to prevent seizures
  • Eventually have full convulsions, such as generalized tonic-clonic seizures
Other complications can include:
  • Learning difficulties
  • Behavior problems
  • Social isolation
clip Yellow tongue causes
May 11, 2019, 09:23:16 PM by Charles Dickson
Yellow tongue causes


Yellow tongue — a yellow discoloration of your tongue — is usually a temporary, harmless problem. Most often, yellow tongue is an early sign of a disorder known as black hairy tongue. Rarely, yellow tongue may be a sign of jaundice, a yellowing of the eyes and skin, which sometimes indicates liver or gallbladder problems.Self-care is usually all that's needed to treat yellow tongue, unless it's related to another medical condition.
Causes
   Yellow tongue usually occurs as a result of a harmless buildup of dead skin cells on the tiny projections (papillae) on the surface of your tongue. Most commonly this occurs when your papillae become enlarged and bacteria in your mouth produce colored pigments.Also, the longer-than-normal papillae can easily trap cells that have shed, which become stained by tobacco, food or other substances. Mouth breathing or dry mouth may also be linked to yellow tongue.Other causes of a yellow tongue may include, for example:
clip White tongue causes
May 11, 2019, 09:07:42 PM by Charles Dickson
White tongue causes



White tongue is a coating of debris, bacteria and dead cells on your tongue that makes it look white. Although the appearance of white tongue may be alarming, the condition is usually harmless and temporary. However, white tongue can be an indication of some serious conditions, ranging from infection to a precancerous condition. If you're concerned about a white coating or white spots on your tongue, contact your doctor or dentist.

Causes
   White tongue is the result of an overgrowth and swelling of the fingerlike projections (papillae) on the surface of your tongue. The appearance of a white coating is caused by debris, bacteria and dead cells getting lodged between the enlarged and sometimes inflamed papillae.Causes of papillae hypertrophy or inflammation include, for example:
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Dry mouth
  • Dehydration
  • Smoking or other oral tobacco use
  • Alcohol use (excessive)
  • Mouth breathing
  • Low roughage diet (eating mostly soft or mashed foods)
  • Mechanical irritation from sharp tooth edges or dental appliances
  • Fever
Examples of conditions associated with white patches or other discolorations of your tongue include:
clip Vomiting blood -hematemesis causes
May 11, 2019, 08:59:41 PM by Charles Dickson
Vomiting blood-hematemesis causes




Vomiting blood (hematemesis) refers to significant amounts of blood in your vomit. Small streaks or flecks of blood in material you spit up may come from the teeth, mouth or throat and isn't usually considered vomiting blood. Blood in vomit may be bright red, or it may appear black or dark brown like coffee grounds.Swallowed blood, as from a nosebleed or forceful coughing, may cause bloody vomit, but truly vomiting blood usually represents something more serious and requires immediate medical attention. Bleeding in your upper gastrointestinal tract (mouth, esophagus, stomach and upper small intestine) from peptic (stomach or duodenal) ulcers or torn blood vessels is a common cause of vomiting blood.

Causes
   Vomiting blood may be caused by:
  • Acute liver failure
  • Aspirin
  • Benign tumors of the stomach or esophagus
  • Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)
  • Defects in gastrointestinal tract blood vessels
  • Dieulafoy's lesion (an artery that protrudes through the stomach wall)
  • Duodenitis (inflammation in the first part of the small intestine)
  • Esophageal cancer
  • Esophageal varices (enlarged veins in the esophagus)
  • Esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus)
  • Gastric erosions (breakdown of tissue lining the stomach)
  • Gastric varices (enlarged veins in the stomach)
  • Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining)
  • Mallory-Weiss tear (tear in the esophagus associated with pressure caused by vomiting or coughing)
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Pancreatitis
  • Peptic ulcer
  • Portal hypertension (high blood pressure in the portal vein)
  • Prolonged or vigorous vomiting
  • Stomach cancer
In infants and young children, vomiting blood may also result from:
  • Birth defects
  • Blood-clotting disorders
  • Milk allergy
  • Swallowed blood, such as from the nose
  • Swallowed object
  • Vitamin K deficiency
clip Wheezing causes
May 11, 2019, 08:49:19 PM by Charles Dickson
Wheezing causes

Wheezing is a high-pitched whistling sound made while breathing. It's often associated with difficulty breathing. Wheezing may occur during breathing out (expiration) or breathing in (inspiration).
Causes   Inflammation and narrowing of the airway in any location, from your throat out into your lungs, can result in wheezing.The most common causes of recurrent wheezing are asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which both cause narrowing and spasms (bronchospasms) in the small airways of your lungs.
However, any inflammation in your throat or larger airways can cause wheezing. Common causes include infection, an allergic reaction or a physical obstruction, such as a tumor or a foreign object that's been inhaled.
All of the following conditions can lead to wheezing:
clip Urine odor causes
May 11, 2019, 07:38:27 PM by Charles Dickson
Urine odor causes

Urine usually has a distinct odor, but under normal circumstances, the odor is relatively mild and not too noticeable. Certain conditions, however, may cause your urine to have an unusual or unpleasant odor, which may raise concerns about a problem or abnormality.
Causes

 Urine consists mainly of water. It's the amount and concentration of various waste products excreted by the kidneys that causes urine odor.Urine that contains a lot of water and few waste products has little to no odor. If urine becomes highly concentrated — a high level of waste products with little water — your urine may have a strong ammonia odor.Some foods and medications, such as asparagus or certain vitamins, can cause a noticeable urine odor, even in low concentrations. Sometimes, unusual urine odor indicates a medical condition or disease, such as:
When to see a doctor
Most changes in urine odor are temporary and don't mean you have a serious illness, particularly if you have no other symptoms. When an unusual urine odor is caused by an underlying medical condition, other symptoms are also present. If you're concerned about the odor of your urine, talk to your doctor.
clip Unexplained weight loss causes
May 11, 2019, 06:22:18 PM by Charles Dickson
Unexplained weight loss causes



Unexplained weight loss, or losing weight without trying — particularly if it's significant or persistent — may be a sign of an underlying medical disorder.
The point at which unexplained weight loss becomes a medical concern is not exact. But many doctors agree that a medical evaluation is called for if you lose more than 5 percent of your weight in six months to a year, especially if you're an older adult. For example, a 5 percent weight loss in someone who is 160 pounds (72 kilograms) is 8 pounds (3.6 kilograms). In someone who is 200 pounds (90 kilograms), it's 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms). Your weight is affected by your calorie intake, activity level, overall health, age, nutrient absorption, and economic and social factors


Causes

  Unexplained weight loss has many causes, medical and nonmedical. Often, a combination of things results in a general decline in your health and a related weight loss. Sometimes a specific cause isn't found.
Usually, an unrecognized cancer will have other symptoms or abnormalities of laboratory tests, in addition to unexplained weight loss.
Potential causes of unexplained weight loss include:
clip Rectal bleeding causes
May 11, 2019, 05:06:17 PM by Charles Dickson
Rectal bleeding causes

Rectal bleeding can refer to any blood that passes from your anus, although rectal bleeding is usually assumed to refer to bleeding from your lower colon or rectum. Your rectum makes up the last few inches of your large intestine. Rectal bleeding may show up as blood in your stool, on the toilet paper or in the toilet bowl. Blood that results from rectal bleeding is usually bright red in color, but occasionally can be dark maroon

Causes
   Rectal bleeding may occur for many reasons. Common causes of rectal bleeding include:Less common causes of rectal bleeding include:
clip Proteinuria- Protein in urine causes
May 11, 2019, 04:56:17 PM by Charles Dickson
Proteinuria- Protein in urine causes

Protein in urine — known as proteinuria (pro-tee-NU-ree-uh) — is excess protein found in a urine sample. Protein is one of the substances identified during a test to analyze the content of your urine (urinalysis).Low levels of protein in urine are normal. Temporarily high levels of protein in urine aren't unusual either, particularly in younger people after exercise or during an illness.Persistently high levels of protein in urine may be a sign of kidney disease.

Causes   Your kidneys filter waste products from your blood while retaining what your body needs — including proteins. However, some diseases and conditions allow proteins to pass through the filters of your kidneys, causing protein in urine.
Conditions that can cause a temporary rise in the levels of protein in urine, but don't necessarily indicate kidney damage, include:Diseases and conditions that can cause persistently elevated levels of protein in urine, which might indicate kidney disease, include:
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